As I start to host more and more services on my home server, my family and friends are interested in using some of the services I host as well. Up to now, all of my services have been internal-only, and my wife and I just use Tailscale to access everything. Getting others set up with tailscale isn’t an issue, but I can only have up to 4 other users before I have to pay to add more, and I have more than 4 people I would like to have access to some of the things I host.
Right now I’m using cloudflare tunnels to make some services available externally. I’m behind CGNAT, so I’m forced to use something like tunnels or similar. I’ve always read that if you are going to open things up externally to use a reverse proxy (which I use internally), but does this still apply with cloudflare tunnels? What else should I be looking at to make sure I have everything secured properly?
A reverse proxy is just for convenice of stuff like hostnames and ssl termination. It’s not a security layer.
The proper way to do it would be to have your public stuff in a DMZ , if untrusted users (i.e. could have malware on their device) are going to access it.
Personally I use Netbird and host a tiny server in the cloud, which a local node connects to, to avoid NAT or firewall rules. Since it’s self-hosted, there is no user limit.
For tailscale, unless you need different ACLs for every user, you could instead have additional friends share a single user and then you’re only limited by the quite high device cap. Or self-host headscale on a VPS and then there are no user limits.
if you want more users you can host headscale instead of using tailscale, users can still connect with the regular tailscale clients
additionally you can use forward auth on your reverse proxy using something like authentik so that users have to be logged in before they can even see the service itself. personally I trust authentik more than I trust all of the individual services which might not have the same level of scrutiny applied to their security. it also has the added bonus of letting your users use SSO if your services support it.
With being behind a CGNAT tunnels is your only option.
What about this? Pangolin is probably fine if they rent a vps.
I think this is a similar approach to Cloudflare tunneling just self hosted. I personally miss reverse proxy with my own domain, but my apartment complex forced an ISP on us that killed that.
it literally is self hosting cloudflare tunnels :)
I rent a free tier oracle vm that does nothing more than tunnel traffic using GOST. Ports 80/443/25 and a control port that my homelab can connect to to establish the tunnel. No ports open at my house, public IP is the cloud VM, and the raw encrypted tcp traffic is tunneled through whatever NAT shenanigans my ISP might have and straight into Caddy within a docker (podman) network. I’m pretty happy with it and it works well!
It’s a single binary and can parse a config file or command line parameters. If I ever switch public VM providers, it’s a single binary download and a systemd service file. Switch my DNS records to the new VM and I’m completely done. And since my homelab establishes the connection to the VM’s port, I don’t have to reconfigure anything if I move buildings, switch providers, get stuck behind NAT, or can’t open ports.
Oh to be as smart as you.
Not sure if this is meant to be sarcastic, but I’m not particularly smart on this matter, just persistent in trying to get things to work. I used to use rathole but came around to GOST as a replacement for several reasons. I don’t think Pangolin was around yet when I made the switch.
No sarcasm. I’m genuinely out of my depth on a lot of this.
We all are until we aren’t. Good documentation goes a long way and gost has extensive documentation and examples for every option it has. It helped a lot in figuring out how to use the tool and I was very excited when I finally got it working!
Pangolin seconded! Been using it for over a year, not a single hiccup. Switched the moment I heard CF does not like media streams via their tunnels.
I would like to avoid paying for a VPS. I probably should have clarified in my post too that I am specifically looking for advise on securing public facing services. While I certainly could make everyone use a tailscale-like service, at this point I think securing an external service would be easier. Especially since most of these people would not be tech savvy and I don’t particularly want to play tech support for their VPN.
EDIT no wait, this post is about secure, not hosting/tunneling in general. This comment is off topic ig.
I would like to avoid paying for a VPS
Oracle cloud free tier, but it does have a history of randomly killing the VPS’s created.
Public ipv4 addresses are scarce, and becoming more expensive now. You are probably going to have to shell out some cash if you don’t already get one as part of your internet plan.
My ISP is charging $20/mo for static IP’s, so almost any other solution would be cheaper.
I hate Oracle with the passion of a thousand suns, so I don’t want to touch them with a 10ft pole. I would happily pay anyone else to avoid using anything affiliated with Oracle.
ngrok allows up to 1 gigabyte out. it is not a good deal compared to cloudflare tunnels. the vps with pangolin is the best option on the table if I’m going to be honest
Pangolin + pocketid has been rock solid!
Tunnel is fine security wise. Keep the reverse proxy anyway and let the tunnel point at it. Routing, logs, etc. stay in one place this way.
Zero Trust with Google etc. is the way for family. Tailscale or Wireguard means installing a VPN client and making sure it keeps running, that’s too much for most people who just want to click a link.
If people want to use a service you’re putting in the effort (and money) hosting, they can put in the effort to learn how to access it, however you choose. Otherwise they can kick rocks.
Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I’ve seen in this thread:
Fewer Letters More Letters CGNAT Carrier-Grade NAT DNS Domain Name Service/System ISP Internet Service Provider NAT Network Address Translation Plex Brand of media server package SSO Single Sign-On VPN Virtual Private Network VPS Virtual Private Server (opposed to shared hosting)
8 acronyms in this thread; the most compressed thread commented on today has 12 acronyms.
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Look into NGINX Proxy manager and DuckDNS
I use NPM internally for SSL. DuckDNS won’t work for me since I am behind CGNAT. I also already own a domain.
You know more than me
Consider pangolin(I use this) or netbird on a cheap VPS from racknerd. With pangolin can share secure links without exposing services to whole internet. I add crowdsec to it and it works wonders. If you go this route secure you ssh port 22 with crowdsec and in ssh config.
if you’re going to expose a reverse proxy, you might as well use a WAF instead.
think of a WAF as a smart reverse proxy with logging intelligence.
might also help to have blocklists on your firewall that block any IP outside of your country.
They don’t need to be actual users. When they’re trying to start Tailscale on a new device have them pass the authorization link to you and open it on your account. This way their devices are registered as devices for your user. You can tag the devices and write ACLs for them to determine what they can access.
