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Cake day: August 6th, 2025

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  • They are, at the very least, likely to be endocrine disrupters in humans: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7926449/

    The exposure to PFASs is known to cause liver toxicity, reproductive disorders, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity (Table 2). Harmful health effects observed as a result of PFASs exposure could be highly associated with disturbance of hormone homeostasis. It has been reported that PFASs could interfere with molecular components of the endocrine system and modulate synthesis or secretions of selected hormones [27,28,29]. PFOA and PFOS act as endocrine disruptors mainly via effect on distribution of sex hormones, through mechanisms related to estrogen receptor activation and transcription of selected genes [29,30,31]. An in vivo and in vitro study conducted on animals have shown negative impact of two short-chain PFASs, i.e., PFBS and PFHxS on reproduction through the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis [32], mainly due to deregulation of thyroid function [33,34,35,36]. Epidemiologic evidence of endocrine-disrupting activity of short-chain PFASs is limited and, similar to study on long-chain PFASs, in many cases inconsistent. As a result, none of PFASs has been categorized as EDCs by any legislative bodies up to these days. The main reason for considering these compounds to be endocrine-toxic was based on consistent reports, showing thyroid hormone level alterations and high risk of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in animals exposed to PFOS [37,38,39,40].

    Also see: https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc/what-edcs-are/common-edcs/pfas